Union membership raises the wages of younger workers but protects older workers from layoffs better. The marginal union member makes use of public transfer systems at far lower rates, saving the government money.
Labor market competition leads to higher real worker earnings, lower firm productivity, firm closer, greater inequality, population loss, and changes in political sentiments in communities affected by it.
Occupational licensing has negative wage and labor supply effects on occupations that use similar latent skills consistent with a monopsony model. The negative effects are particularly strong for women, black workers, and Hispanic workers.
SNAP work requirements for Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWDs) significantly increased credit seeking, credit balances, and past due credit cards.
Union density mitigates the negative earnings effects of employer market concentration. Unionization benefits white collar and above-median workers at the firm most in more competitive markets.
Labor market concentration within skill clusters is lower than other measures. Higher concentration leads to lower wages, with heterogeneity in effects.
Workers exhibit reference-dependent labor supply around expectations. Their expectations are based upon optimizing long-run objectives at lump-sum bonuses paid by the firm.
The tax credits in the Affordable Care Act substantially reduce bankruptcy, and severely delinquent debt. Welfare gains for protection against medical debt accounts for 15% of program costs, while indirect transfers to creditors, lenders, and hospitals account for almost 2/3 of the costs.
Union membership has become relatively more focused on non-routine, cognitive skills over time in the US. We contextualize this in a Roy model of unionization in the US.
The federal government spent over $360 billion from 1990-2015 on place-based policies. Areas with more disadvantage, more segregation, and more non-profit capacity received more of these funds.